APDs (avalanche photodiodes) or APDs, are common components in laser-based fiber-optic systems for converting optical data into electrical form. The bias voltage and current measurement requirements ...

If you got your start in electronics sometime after 1980 your first project might well have been to light up an LED. Microcontroller projects often light up an LED, too, and a blinking LED is ...

This is the first of a two-part series on the processes used to find the short circuit current duties of circuit breakers and fuses. In Part 1, we’ll use a simplified power system to illustrate the ...

Every high-voltage electrical application in today’s world requires monitoring, whether it’s on the electrical grid and making sure that the nominal current is flowing downstream, or in a motor and ...

Current conveyor (CC) circuits are among the most common current-mode circuits and are used as critical building blocks in a variety of complex circuits. Unlike voltage-mode circuits, current-mode ...

NEMA, Rossyln, Va., has published SG 4-2009, "Alternating Current High-Voltage Circuit Breakers." The standard, which NEMA published under license from IEEE, Piscataway, N.J., was revised by the ...

In high voltage applications involving tens of thousands of volts, too often people think about the high voltage needed but don’t consider the current. This is especially so when part of the circuit ...

You need to know how to measure the current that flows through a component in a circuit and the voltage across it. The ammeter must be connected in series with the component – remember, in a series ...

Current is a measure of how much electric charge flows through a circuit. The more charge that flows, the bigger the current. Current is measured in amperes. The symbol for ampere is A. For example, ...